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Furthermore, we performed single-nuclear RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) in several cases from third trimester-derived placentas to better observe the expression of the canonical receptors for SARS-CoV-2 in the syncytiotrophoblast cells. We have performed scRNA-seq of the human placenta in the second trimester to investigate the expression of the canonical receptors for SARS-CoV-2 in both second and third (first study including term and preterm placentas) trimesters. Version 2 focused on the expression of the canonical receptors for SARS-CoV-2 in scRNA-seq data. Version 1 focused on using scRNA-seq to profile the placental villous tree, basal plate, and chorioamniotic membranes of women across a range of pregnancy conditions with a focus on labor both at term and preterm. All participating women provided written informed consent prior to sample collection. The collection and use of human materials for research purposes were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Wayne State University School of Medicine. Only singleton pregnancies were included. In version 3: For the scRNA-seq study of the placenta, in which we explored the immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, samples were collected from women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (most of them were asymptomatic) and gestational age-matched controls.
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No stringent exclusion criteria were utilized since this was an exploratory study.
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In version 2: For the scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq study of the placenta, in which we explored the expression of the canonical receptors for SARS-CoV-2, samples were collected from women who delivered in the second and third trimester. Women with preterm labor delivered between 33-35 weeks of gestation whereas those with term labor delivered between 38-40 weeks of gestation. In version 1: For the scRNA-seq study of the placenta, in which we explored the physiologic (term labor) and pathologic (preterm labor) processes of parturition, labor was defined by the presence of regular uterine contractions at a frequency of at least two contractions every 10 min with cervical changes resulting in delivery.
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There is limited knowledge of the cell type composition and transcriptional activity of the placenta and its compartments during physiologic and pathologic parturition. The placenta is a complex heterogeneous organ including cells of both maternal and fetal origin, and insults that disrupt the maternal-fetal dialogue could result in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth.